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Cardiac Medications

Medications

Medication

What it does

Common brand names

Anti-Platelet Agents

Antiplatelet—acts to slow the initial phases of blood clotting in arteries. Helps lower risk of a second cardiac event (often used after by-pass surgery or cardiac stent procedures.

Clopidigrel (Plavix®), aspirin

NOTE: It is common to give both agents together following a cardiac intervention (stent).

Anti-Anginal Drugs (Vasodilators)

Used to treat angina (chest pain). Relaxes blood vessels (vasodilates) and stops chest pain by increasing oxygen flow to heart.

nitroglycerin (Nitrobid®, Nitrostat®), isosorbide (Ismo®, Imdur®, Isordil®)

Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs

Used to bring under control abnormal rhythms of the heart (including atrial fibrillation), so the heart can pump more effectively.

sotalol (Betapace®), amiodarone (Cordarone®), Verapamil (Calan®), digoxin (Lanoxin®), diltiazem (Cardizem®)

Anticoagulants

"Blood Thinners"

Prevents the blood from clotting. Used in atrial fibrillation, valve replacement and patients with a history of blood clots.

Oral: warfarin (Coumadin®)

Injectables: Heparin and enoxaparin (Lovenox®)

Blood Pressure Lowering Drugs

(Antihypertensives)

Used to control blood pressure which reduces the risk of stroke or heart attack.

ACE-Inhibitors, Beta-Blockers & Calcium-Channel Blockers (see below)

Diuretics

"Water Pills"

Lower blood pressure by causing the body to excrete excess fluids and sodium.

Furosemide (Lasix®), bumetanide (Bumex®), hydrochlorthiazide

Angiotension-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE)

Dilates blood vessels to lower blood pressure and help heart empty in congestive heart failure (helps prevent progression of disease).

captopril (Capoten®), lisinopril (Zestril®), fosinopril (Monopril®), ramipril (Altace®)

Beta-Blockers

Lowers blood pressure and slows heart rate (including protection against arrhythmias). Helps lower risk of stroke and heart attacks.

atenolol (Tenormin®), bisoprolol (Zebeta®) metroprolol (Lopressor®, Toprol-XL ®), Carvidilol (Coreg)®

Cholesterol-Reducing Drugs

Lowers level of fats (lipids) in the blood, which include cholesterol and triglycerides. Blocks production of specific enzyme the body uses to make cholesterol. Reduces risk of heart attack.

Statins: atorvastatin (Lipitor®), simvastatin (Zocor®), pravastatin (Pravachol®), (Crestor®)

Others: ezembide (Zetia®)

Combination: Vytorin®

Calcium-Channel Blocker

Relaxes blood vessels (vasodilates) to assist in blood pressure control and prevention of angina (chest pain). Some also can be used to control arrhythmias (ie-atrial fibrillation)

amlodipine (Norvasc®), diltiazem (Cardizem®), nifedipine (Procardia®), verapamil (Calan®).

Thrombolytic Agents

"Clot-busters"

Injectable medication given at the onset of a heart attack to break a coronary artery clot, and restore blood flow.

TNKase® (tennecteplase),

Retavase® (alteplase)

Heart Failure Drugs

Increases efficiency of heart (decrease rate), decreases resistance (helps unload heart).

carvedilol (Coreg®)

ACE-Inhibitors, Diuretics, Beta-blockers (See specific section for examples)

NOTE: It is common practice to use multiple drugs in the treatment of cardiac disease to maximize therapeutic response (especially in hypertension, congestive heart failure and heart attacks).



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